MANUSIA SEBAGAI MAKHLUK RASIONAL: TINJAUAN FILOSOFIS DAN ILMIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46244/tunasbangsa.v13i1.3693Keywords:
Filsafat, kognitif, manusia, pengambilan keputusan, rasionalitasAbstract
Manusia sebagai makhluk rasional memiliki kemampuan berpikir logis, kritis, dan sistematis dalam memahami realitas serta mengambil keputusan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Rasionalitas menjadi ciri utama yang membedakan manusia dari makhluk lain karena manusia mampu mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek sebelum bertindak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep manusia sebagai makhluk rasional melalui tinjauan filosofis dan ilmiah, serta menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan rasionalitas manusia dalam kehidupan sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber ilmiah, seperti buku, jurnal, dan artikel akademik yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rasionalitas manusia tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan intelektual dan kognitif, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor emosional, budaya, lingkungan sosial, pengalaman hidup, serta perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Dalam perspektif filsafat, rasionalitas dipandang sebagai kemampuan manusia untuk mencapai kebenaran melalui akal dan refleksi kritis. Sementara itu, dalam perspektif ilmiah, rasionalitas dijelaskan melalui proses kerja otak, psikologi kognitif, dan perilaku manusia dalam merespons situasi tertentu. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa manusia tidak selalu bertindak secara rasional karena adanya keterbatasan informasi, bias kognitif, tekanan sosial, dan faktor emosional yang memengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan. Dengan demikian, manusia sebagai makhluk rasional memiliki karakter yang dinamis, kompleks, dan kontekstual dalam menjalani kehidupan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai hakikat rasionalitas manusia dalam perspektif filosofis dan ilmiah.
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