TINDAKAN KEKERASAN SUPORTER SEPAK BOLA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI OLAHRAGA
(Studi Fenomenologi pada Supporter The Macs Man PSM Makassar)
Abstract
Sports are activities that gather large numbers of people, allowing conflicts to occur by various interests. This article explores the causes of violence against supporters of PSM Makassar and then examines it from the perspective of sports sociology. This type of research is qualitative research with phenomenological study techniques. The research location was conducted in Makassar City. The research subject was tracing the support base of The Macz Man PSM Makassar. The data analysis technique is done by using data reduction, data presentation, which is then carried out by drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the study found that there were 3 basic factors that led to violence against the Makassar PSM supporters, namely 1) the leadership factor of the referee in the match which was considered unfair so that it triggered a polemic in the audience, 2) the supporters' disappointment with the quality of the game displayed by PSM Makassar, and 3) the existence of excessive love and fanaticism in the supporters which causes them to act outside of rationality. 4) News coverage in the media which sometimes displays violent scenes has an impact on the violent acts of supporters, besides that regional characteristics also have a role in creating violent acts in sports that are carried out by supporters. 5) The characteristics of the sport that you watch, if there is a lot of physical contact it will be easier to trigger violence. This research is expected to be a consideration for related stakeholders as well as the Makassar PSM team so that it can minimize the occurrence of conflicts and acts of violence both on the field and outside the field so as to create a conducive sports climate that will have an impact on improving sports achievement.
Abstrak
Olahraga merupakan kegiatan yang mengumpulkan massa yang dalam jumlah besar sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya konflik oleh berbagai kepentingan. Artikel ini menelusuri penyebab terjadinya tindakan kekerasan pada supporter PSM Makassar kemudian dikaji dalam sudut pandang sosiologi olahraga. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik kajian fenomenologi. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kota Makassar. Subjek penelitian penelusuran dari basis supporter The Macz Man PSM Makassar. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data yang kemudian dilakukan penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa ada 3 faktor mendasar yang menyebabkan sehingga terjadinya tindakan kekerasan pada supporter PSM Makassar yaitu 1) factor kepemimpinan wasit dalam pertandingan yang dianggap tidak fair sehingga memicu polemic pada penonton, 2)Kekecewaan supporter terhadap kualitas permainan yang ditampilkan oleh PSM Makassar, dan 3) adanya rasa cinta dan fanatisme berlebihan dalam diri supporter yang mengakibatkan dapat bertindak diluar rasionalitas. 4)Pemberitaan di media yang terkadang menampilkan adegan kekerasan memiliki dampak terhadap tindakan kekerasan supporter, selain itu karakteristik daerah juga memiliki andil dalam menciptakan tindak kekerasan dalam olahraga yang dilakukan oleh supporter. 5)Karakteristik dari olahraga yang ditonton, apabila banyak kontak fisik akan lebih mudah mudah memicu tindak kekerasan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi stakeholder yang terkait begitupun terhadap team PSM Makassar sehingga dapat meminimalisir terjadinya konflik dan tindakan kekerasan baik di lapangan maupun di luar lapangan sehingga tercipta iklim olahraga yang kondusif yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan prestasi olahraga.
Kata Kunci: Olahraga, Kekerasan, Supporter, Sepakbola
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