THE IMPACT OF TIKTOK ADDICTION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AS A KEY MEDIATOR
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between TikTok addiction and academic performance among university students, with academic procrastination examined as a mediating variable. Grounded in self-escape theory, the research explores how excessive TikTok use may act as a maladaptive coping mechanism that contributes to procrastinatory behaviors, ultimately affecting academic outcomes. This study used a cross-sectional design and data collected from 287 students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta through an online questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that TikTok addiction has no significant direct effect on academic performance. However, it significantly increases academic procrastination, which in turn negatively affects academic performance. The mediation analysis confirmed that academic procrastination plays a key intermediary role in the relationship between TikTok use and academic success.
Downloads
References
Akhtar, N., & Islam, T. (2023). Unveiling the Predictors and Outcomes of TikTok Addiction: The moderating Role of Parasocial Relationships. Kybernetes, 54(1), 300–329. https://doi.org/10.1108/k-04-2022-0551
Ali, A. (2023). Assessing the Role of Sports Participation as Protecting Factor Against Tiktok Addiction Among University Students. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 4(III). https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-iii)05
Avcı, S., Çakır, M., & Akınci, T. (2024). Examining Social Media Addiction as a Predictor of Academic Achievement and Academic Procrastination: A Cohort of Undergraduate Students. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 17(4), 286–298. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2024.170402
Bakar, Z. A., & Khan, M. U. (2016). Relationships Between Self-Efficacy and the Academic Procrastination Behaviour Among University Students in Malaysia: A General Perspective. Journal of Education and Learning (Edulearn), 10(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v10i3.3990
Chen, X., Wu, M., Dong, G., Cui, L., Qu, B., & Zhu, Y. (2024). Social Support and Academic Procrastination in Health Professions Students: The Serial Mediating Effect of Intrinsic Learning Motivation and Academic Self-Efficacy. Advances in Health Sciences Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-024-10394-4
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Daryani, D. P., Nugrahayu, E. Y., & Sulistiawati, S. (2021). The Prevalence of Academic Procrastination Among Students at Medicine Faculty Mulawarman University. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.30650/jik.v9i2.3109
Deng, X., & Yu, Z. (2023). An Extended Hedonic Motivation Adoption Model of TikTok in Higher Education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(10), 13595–13617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11749-x
Fausi, C. I. A., & Irawati, Z. (2021). Pengaruh Motivasi, Gaya Kepemimpinan Situasional, Pelatihan, Kepuasan Karyawan, dan Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (The Influence of Motivation, Situational Leadership Style, Training, Employee Satisfaction, and Competence on Employee Performance). SEIKO : Journal of Management & Business, 7(2), 724–744. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v7i1.7001
Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Moisoglou, I., & Konstantakopoulou, O. (2024). The TikTok Addiction Scale: Development and validation. AIMS Public Health, 11(4), 1172–1197. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2024061
García‐Ros, R., Pérez‐González, F., Tomás, J. M., & Sancho, P. (2022). Effects of Self-Regulated Learning and Procrastination on Academic Stress, Subjective Well-Being, and Academic Achievement in Secondary Education. Current Psychology, 42(30), 26602–26616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03759-8
Gayary, M., & Kalita, S. (2025). Relationship Between Academic Procrastination and Academic Achievement of Postgraduate Students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_435_24
Gulzar, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M., & Rasheed, M. I. (2021). How social media use is related to student engagement and creativity: investigating through the lens of intrinsic motivation. Behaviour and Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, Eighth Edition (8th ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA. www.cengage.com/highered
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Third Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-10-2013-0128
Hengevoss, A., & Schnurbein, G. von. (2022). Is Peer Regulation Perceived as an Effective Mediator to Strengthen the Mission Orientation of INGO Leaders? Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 33(3), 609–631. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21542
Hill, K., Xie, J., Gallo, K., Wood, S., Parlow, M., Hynes, J., & Stewart, S. (2024). The role of a major social media platform on students’ academic performance: Perception versus reality. European Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Education, 5(1), e02401. https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/14135
Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., & Wang, Q. (2019). Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention. Cyberpsychology, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-1-4
Jayeola, O., Sidek, S., Sanyal, S., Hasan, S. I., An, N. B., Ajibade, S.-S. M., & Phan, T. T. H. (2022). Government Financial Support and Financial Performance of SMEs: A Dual Sequential Mediator Approach. Heliyon, 8(11), e11351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11351
Kemp, S. (2024, July 31). Digital 2024 July Global Statshot Report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-july-global-statshot
Kemp, S. (2025, March 12). TikTok Users, Stats, Data & Trends. Https://Datareportal.Com/Essential-Tiktok-Stats.
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2016). Minimum Sample Size Estimation in PLS‐SEM: The Inverse Square Root and Gamma‐exponential Methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Lu, Q., & Zhao, F. (2018). Academic Stress, Academic Procrastination and Academic Performance: A Moderated Dual-Mediation Model. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability Risus, 9(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2018v9i2p38-46
Malkoç, A., & Mutlu, A. K. (2018). Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Procrastination: Exploring the Mediating Role of Academic Motivation in Turkish University Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(10), 2087–2093. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.061005
Manfrin, A., Apampa, B., & Parthasarathy, P. (2019). A Conceptual Model for Students’ Satisfaction With Team-Based Learning Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling in a Faculty of Life Sciences, in the United Kingdom. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 16, 36.
https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.36
Mašková, I., & Kučera, D. (2021). Performance, Achievement, and Success in Psychological Research: Towards a More Transparent Use of the Still Ambiguous Terminology. Psychological Reports, 125(2), 1218–1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294121996000
Montag, C., Yang, H., & Elhai, J. D. (2021). On the Psychology of TikTok Use: A First Glimpse from Empirical Findings. In Frontiers in Public Health (Vol. 9). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.641673
Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Academic Procrastination and Statistics Anxiety. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0260293042000160384
Pekpazar, A., Kaya Aydın, G., Aydın, U., Beyhan, H., & Arı, E. (2021). Role of Instagram Addiction on Academic Performance among Turkish University Students: Mediating Effect of Procrastination. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100049
Popova, D., & Pronenko, E. (2023). Academic Procrastination in the Context of Meaning Structures of Personality: Why Is It Important for the Formation of Sustainable Behavior. E3s Web of Conferences, 376, 05058. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337605058
Poropat, A. E. (2009). A Meta-Analysis of the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Academic Performance. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 322–338. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014996
Prihadi, K. D., Yew, V. G. W., & Purwaningtyas, E. K. (2023). Are Lecturers Responsible for Students’ Academic Procrastination? International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (Ijere), 12(1), 245. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23812
Qin, Y., Omar, B., & Musetti, A. (2022). The addiction behavior of short-form video app TikTok: The information quality and system quality perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932805
Richter, N., Sinkovics, R. R., Ringle, C. M., & Schlägel, C. (2016). A Critical Look at the Use of SEM in International Business Research. International Marketing Review, 33(3), 376–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-04-2014-0148
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in HRM Research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(12), 1617–1643. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1416655
Rogowska, A. M., & Cincio, A. (2024). Procrastination Mediates the Relationship between Problematic TikTok Use and Depression among Young Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051247
Saeedi, M., Rafii, F., & Parvizy, S. (2019). Academic Motivation in Nursing Students: A Hybrid Concept Analysis. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 24(5), 315. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_177_18
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Progress in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Use in Marketing Research in the Last Decade. Psychology and Marketing, 39(5), 1035–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
Shi, M., Zhai, X., Li, S., Shi, Y., & Xiang, F. (2021). The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Mobile Phone Addiction, and Irrational Procrastination in Chinese College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105325
Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive Model Assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for Using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2019-0189
Suhadianto, Arifiana, I. Y., Rahmawati, H., Hanurawan, F., & Eva, N. (2021). Stop Academic Procrastination During Covid 19: Academic Procrastination Reduces Subjective Well-Being. Kne Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i15.8220
Weedige, S. S., Ouyang, H., Gao, Y., & Liu, Y. (2019). Decision Making in Personal Insurance: Impact of Insurance Literacy. Sustainability, 11(23), 6795. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236795
Williams, M. N., & Edwards, S. R. (2021). Conceptual Replication of Seo (2008), “Self-Efficacy as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination.” Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 10(2), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.110948
Yang, Y., Adnan, H. M., & Sarmiti, N. Z. (2023). The Relationship Between Anxiety and TikTok Addiction Among University Students in China: Mediated by Escapism and Use Intensity. International Journal of Media and Information Literacy, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.13187/ijmil.2023.2.458
Zivnuska, S., Carlson, J. R., Carlson, D. S., Harris, R. B., & Harris, K. J. (2019). Social media addiction and social media reactions: The implications for job performance. Journal of Social Psychology, 159(6), 746–760. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1578725
Abstract views: 50
PDF downloads: 22
1_(1)1.png)
