STUDI KOMPARATIF MODEL PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46244/tunasbangsa.v13i1.3693Keywords:
studi komparatif, model pendidikan, sistem pendidikan, Indonesia, Amerika SerikatAbstract
Studi komparatif pendidikan berperan krusial dalam menganalisis respons sistem pendidikan nasional terhadap tantangan global serta dalam mengeksplorasi ruang pembelajaran kebijakan (policy learning). Artikel ini menyajikan kajian literatur komparatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis perbedaan dan persamaan model pendidikan Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat, dengan fokus pada interaksi antara empat pilar utama: kurikulum, sistem evaluasi, tata kelola, dan profesionalisme guru. Penelitian menggunakan metode narrative review komparatif interpretatif terhadap sumber-sumber primer berupa artikel jurnal internasional dan jurnal nasional, dokumen kebijakan resmi, serta laporan lembaga multilateral yang diterbitkan dalam dekade terakhir (2015-2025). Analisis tematik dan komparatif kontekstual mengungkapkan polarisasi paradigmatil. Indonesia menerapkan desentralisasi pendidikan yang terkendali dengan tetap memperkuat standar nasional melalui kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka dan Asesmen Nasional, yang diimplementasikan secara bertahap dan menyeluruh mulai dari jenjang Sekolah Dasar (SD), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP/SLTP), hingga Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Kejuruan (SMA/SMK). Sementara AS menganut desentralisasi kompetitif dengan otonomi luas di tingkat negara bagian dan distrik. Perbedaan ini menghasilkan trade-off antara keseragaman dan keadilan (equity) di Indonesia, serta inovasi dan fragmentasi di AS. Kajian menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan kebijakan Indonesia memerlukan model hibrid yang memadukan kejelasan tujuan nasional dengan otonomi bermakna dan akuntabilitas konstruktif. Kontribusi artikel terletak pada sintesis integratif yang menawarkan implikasi kebijakan kontekstual, menghindari transfer kebijakan yang simplistik.
Abstract
Comparative education studies play a crucial role in analyzing the response of national education systems to global challenges and in exploring policy learning. This article presents a comparative literature review that aims to critically analyze the differences and similarities between the Indonesian and US education models, focusing on the interaction between four main pillars: curriculum, evaluation systems, governance, and teacher professionalism. The research uses an interpretive comparative narrative review method of primary sources in the form of international and national journal articles, official policy documents, and reports from multilateral institutions published in the last decade (2015-2025). Thematic and contextual comparative analysis reveals a paradigmatic polarization. Indonesia implements controlled decentralization of education while maintaining national standards through the Merdeka Curriculum and National Assessment policies, which are being implemented gradually and comprehensively from elementary school (SD), junior high school (SMP/SLTP), to senior high school and vocational school (SMA/SMK). while the US embraces competitive decentralization with broad autonomy at the state and district levels. These differences result in trade-offs between uniformity and equity in Indonesia, and innovation and fragmentation in the US. The study concludes that policy development in Indonesia requires a hybrid model that combines clear national objectives with meaningful autonomy and constructive accountability. The article's contribution lies in its integrative synthesis, which offers contextual policy implications and avoids simplistic policy transfers.
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